GEORGE CRUIKSHANK 1792-1878

I'm glad the Gillray post was so well-received. That emboldened me to talk about my other favorite cartoonist of that era, George Cruikshank. That's a Cruikshank drawing above, possibly influenced by Gillray.

Cruikshank and Gillray were contemporaries, though Cruikshank was the younger man, and was more likely to go after (in the words of one critic) the "low" kinds of gags (above).

Cruikshank was really funny but his early work shows him struggling with draughtsmanship. He had a mannered, off-kilter way of drawing (above) which he never fully shook off. Amazingly he was able to make it work for him in later years, but I'm getting ahead of myself.

Here's (above) a Cruikshank comet. Like so many cartoonists of yesteryear he thought nothing of tackling immense crowd scenes.

Here's (above) Cruikshank in his first mature style. Very funny. You can see the influence of Hogarth and Gillray, but it's still unmistakably "Cruick." Click to enlarge.


Cruikshank lived a lot longer than Gillray, and he experimented with a lot of styles (above).

He became a terrific pen and ink draughtsman. Sketches like these from 1839 were a big influence on the stable of artists working for Punch magazine.

Book illustration became a big deal in this period and Cruikshank morphed once more to adapt to it.

Along with Thackerey (yes, Thackerey the novelist) Cruikshank illustrated a number of Charles Dickens' novels. I don't know if he made much money on it since Dickens was famous for putting his illustrators through Hell.

The illustration above isn't from a Dickens story, but the style is the same. Some of Cruikshank's illustrations from this period look like they were lifted from "Humbug" magazine. The influence of Cruikshank on Kurtzman and Elder is unmistakable.

Remember I said that that Cruikshank had a mannered style when he was young? He eventually shed some of it and became a skilled classical draughtsman, except that he became appalled at how tame his drawings were getting so he re-introduced his youthful, off-kilter style back into his mature work. The blend was incredibly successful...sort of surreal and realistic at the same time... and influenced many other artists, in fact it's still used by illustrators today. If there's a lesson in that, it's "Keep your old drawings, even if they seem primitive; you may need them someday."

Cruikshank had an enormous influence on his field but others benefited from it more than he did. He died in near poverty.

Next post on Monday night.

IS THERE SUCH A THING AS A PEACEFUL DEATH?

WARNING: This post speculates about the nature of death, and posits that it's painful and terrifying. It's a downright creepy subject, definitely not suitable for anyone who's recently experienced the death of a loved one. Be warned!

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Okay, if you're still here, then I can promise that you'll at least acquire an interesting story to tell at campfires and Halloween parties. Here goes:

Occasionally you hear families say about a deceased relative: "He died peacefully in his sleep. We can only hope to be as lucky when our time comes." Lucky? How can they be so sure? If the evidence for a peaceful passing was simply the man's relaxed corpse, then maybe they should have withheld their judgement. Who really knows what his mental state was when he died?



What started me thinking about this was a TV documentary about lethal injection. It argued that this might be a more painful method of execution than people think. The show cited a study of brain waves from the lethally injected which indicated brain activity for several minutes after the heart stopped. In view of the pain cited by survivors of heart attack and stroke, it doesn't seem out of line to speculate that these men experienced agony as their body shut down.

You can further speculate that the prisoners were paralyzed by the opiates added to the poison and were unable to show any outward manifestation of that pain. Imagine that...severe pain without even the small comfort of being able to thrash about or scream. A very scary thought!

It occurred to me that the so-called peaceful deaths of the bed-ridden might occur the same way. Imagine a man in bed, sleeping soundly. Somehow the oxygen to his brain is cut off and he startles to wakefulness. Let me stop here to underline my belief that he wakes up. It's inconceivable that the body would react passively to a trauma like this. He'd wake up in a panic.

Maybe his lungs would still work for a time, but at a fraction of their normal capacity. If you ever choked on water that went down the wrong pipe, you know what it's like to breathe through what feels like a pinhole. Maybe our sleeper would experience this.

Maybe his heart would lose it's rhythm before it stopped beating. That's bound to be agonizing. The poor victim might try to get out of bed and flail about, but it's more likely that he'd take the avenue of least pain and stay on his back, hoping that the condition would right itself if only he could be still.

As his vessels constricted, his muscles would begin to fail and the victim would lapse into a state of painful paralysis. If he was sitting up before, he'd now fall down on the bed, maybe blind, and with his arms close to his side. His grimacing face would lose it's expressiveness and become neutral.

His mind would be active for some minutes after his body failed, a long time since minutes pass like hours when you're in pain. As the oxygen-deprived brain deteriorates, wild, crazy thoughts might race through his head. Along with the pain might come regret for past misdeeds and worry about family and friends. Maybe he'll think of some vitally important message he wants to convey, but can't. Almost certainly the final thoughts of his crumbling brain would be a scream in Hell... madhouse ravings, with no logic or pattern.

Of course in the morning his relatives will find a relaxed body, peacefully lying on a pillow, and covered with sunlight from a newly opened window.

I hope I haven't disturbed anybody with this. It certainly is macabre.

text copyright Eddie Fitzgerald 9/16/2009

FASHIONS IN DROWNING

Apparently drowning is subject to fashion just like everything else. According to a book I picked up recently, drowning was usually described as horrific and painful by survivors before the Romantic era, and as painless, even pleasant, by later generations.

During the hippie era it wasn't uncommon for survivors to claim immense tranquility as their lungs filled with water, and deep resentment against the rescuers who fished them out. You'd read comments like, "The only pain I felt was when air was rudely forced back into my lungs."

Since we have contradictory accounts, I feel free to come to my own conclusion, which is that it's horrifying. Drowning is oxygen deprivation, something hanged men re-act to by kicking wildly...surely a sign that they're not enjoying themselves.

Physical reaction to lots of things follow fashion. In the 50s few people were actually made sick by smoke in restaurants. A lot of sensitive types who fainted when smokers lit up 40 feet away in the 80s used to pay big bucks to get into smoke-filled clubs in the 50s. Remember the Beat cafe in "Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom?" Clubs like that were considered cool. Beatniks smoked like bandits.

I don't think the tolerance of the human lung changed, just people's perception of what their lungs can tolerate.

BTW, I'm not pushing smoking here. I don't smoke and never have.

A hundred years ago women were diagnosed as having hysteria much more frequently than now. Sure, social prejudice accounted for some of that, but it's also likely that women of that time really were more emotional in public about some things. They collapsed from bad news, wailed uncontrollably at the death of loved ones, got physically sick when certain things were discussed, and fainted more frequently. I don't think human physiology has changed since then, just people's perception of how their bodies are supposed to react to things.

You see this in the way some people react to fast food these days. When MacDonald's first put up franchises, long lines and positive comments were universal. Almost everybody in those days thought of MacDonald's as something you did for fun, like going to the Dairy Queen for ice cream. That changed during the hippie era when MacDonald's and Coke were recast as symbols of "The Man."

Once MacDonalds was perceived differently, people's stomachs magically changed too. The same burger they relished a short time before was now thought to be utterly impossible to digest. In the "Supersize" film above you can actually see the filmmaker throwing up from eating a big Mac and a large fries. Was he faking? Probably not.

It's funny because he looks so much like the kind of wholesome, Jimmy Olsen kind of guy who would have taken root at MacDonald's only one generation before.

Am I saying that fast food is equal in taste or digestibility to food that costs 4X more in a classier place? No, of course not. I'm just noting that human physiology has a way of serving up whatever kind of physical reaction our mind expects of it.

This is a bit off topic, but all that talk about drowning makes me want to share this video I stumbled on. It shows what the filmmaker saw in Drake's Passage, beneath South America. This isn't even a particularly rough sea, yet the threat of drowning is ever present. I recommend just the first minute and a half of the film.

IT'S TIME FOR DA PERCOLATOR

These are old favorites that you hear at every party. I think I'll pick them up at the iTunes store.

The girl who posted this said it's not a percolator dance, but it sure works with that beat.

Great Percolator (above)! I love the way the dance intensifies after a bit and gets white hot. It's the plunger sounds that whip people into a frenzy.

No music on the video (above), but this girl does a nice Wu Tang.

Teeny boppers love "Barbie Girl!" (above). There's a million home-made versions of it on YouTube.



Above, the classic Numa Numa video. Some people have heard this so many times that they run out of the room when it starts, but I haven't reached that point yet.

"Hey Mickey" (above) is probably playing at parties in Timbuktu as you read this. A true dance classic. It's always followed by Joan Jett.

I hate to think how old this song is...maybe 1981?...but it still get's me going.

HOW SHOULD AN ANIMATION STUDIO LOOK INSIDE?

This is too big a question to address in just one post, but I'll hazard an incomplete answer. What should an animation studio look like? Why, maybe something a little like Jim Henson's Creature Shop in New York. (above)! Click to enlarge.

Actually, Henson had a creature shop in Hollywood, too. That's it above, on the site of Charlie Chaplin's old studio. It's near me, but I'm ashamed to say I've never been inside.

Since Henson always had movies, commercials, TV shows, toys, theme parks and books to work on, there was plenty of employment for puppet people and artists.

It was an eclectic bunch. Mostly he'd hire on the basis of skill and experience, but sometimes he'd take a chance on charisma and an innate feel for entertainment.

Storyboards would be rushed to wherever Henson happened to be when he wanted to see them. It must have been great to pitch a story in a wonderland of puppet parts.

They must have made a lot of puppets that they never used. A good, risk-taking studio will have lots of interesting rejects to display.

The display above was designed for a department store that allowed kids to buy muppets that they designed themselves. It's easy to imagine an alternative use, as a work station in an animation studio.

How do you like the eye lamps hanging from the ceiling?



Those are puppet people above but the room reminds me of animation background departments I've been in. Before studios switched to computer color, I used to love to hang around places like this. The painters' area was full of color swatches, paints, paint splatter and works in progress, and I always got a million ideas there. In some ways paint is a more mystical and intuitive process than drawing. It's stimulating to be around.

A good studio will do half it's backgrounds using traditional wet color, not because there's anything wrong with computer color, but because every living studio needs a heart, a source of inspiration for the artists who work there. You need to see interesting art on the walls.

I love the clutter of Henson's work area (above). At least some animation work stations should be just as sloppy. You could hope that artists who have a knack for it would would make quick and dirty models of characters and scenes that they have a special feel for...sort of just fooling around to see if anything they come up with can be used in their work.

So that's it...a studio that would wow a Boy Scout troop if they came to visit. The public expects studios to be hot beds of conspicuous creativity. Maybe we should make an effort not to disappoint them.

IT's HALLOWEEN TIME AGAIN!!!!!

Heeeere we go again! It's Halloween time and, to judge by the terrific material that I see on the net, artists and collectors are really reved up for it.

I only wish there were a couple of first-rate horror films out. I'm really in the mood for it.

It would have been nice for Halloween fans if Sam Rami's "Drag Me to Hell" had been timed to debut in October, rather than the summer...and even nicer if the poster had actually attempted to illustrate the title of the movie. There must be a story behind that, but I don't know what it is. I haven't seen the film yet, but I imagine it'll be in the rental places soon.

I've been to the local Halloween stores, but they were still unpacking so it's a little early to speculate about how this year is going to shape up for collectors.

I'll have to stop by the drug stores to see what cardboard decorations are out this year.



Don't you love houses that look like faces (above)? This one even appears to have feet!

Wow! A beautiful vintage card (above)! Someone should re-issue them!

Proof (above) that a race of giants once walked the Earth!

Uh-oh! The attack of the giant Flash animation creature....

...maybe Wiener Man will think of a way to thwart it!

Let me know if you see anything good in the stores!

P.S. Most of these images come from two wonderful sites whose names I can't remember. Sorry for the ommision! When I find out their names I'll print them here and add them to my links.

JAMES GILLRAY: FATHER OF THE EDITORIAL CARTOON

British artist James Gillray is considered by many to be the father of the editorial cartoon.

Gillray worked in the late 18th and early 19th century, the age of Napoleon. He attacked the French relentlessly, and went at his own countrymen with equal ferocity.

My favorite Gillrays are his fashion parodies (above). Even men went for the wasp waist look, and everybody wanted to appear taller than they were.

Geez, I wish these pictures were bigger. The picture above won't enlarge, but about half of the others will, so give them a try.

He was a terrific caricaturist (above). and you know he would have been a good animator because he loved to caricature walks as well as faces.

It would have been fun to go with Gillray on his sketching tours of the parks (above). His focus was always on the people who visited the park, and not on the trees.

There must have been a lot of fat rich women (above) in Gillray's time.

Fat men, too.

Gillray wasn't the only British cartoonist of his day. Cruikshank and Heath (that's a Heath above) were contemporaries. You can see the influence that Heath had on Edward Lear, who came later.

This (above) is a beautiful picture when you see it large. It's full of movement and nice line. Gillray was an expert at etching, so he didn't have to pass his drawings on to an engraver the way some other artists did.

Haw!

He could be downright hilarious (above) when he wanted to be.

The Prince of Wales is said to have disliked this picture (above) so much that he paid to have the plates destroyed. It's beautifully composed.



More fashion caricatures (above). Is this picture by Cruikshank or Gillray? The two did park pictures that are almost interchangeable.

Anyway, catch the padded jacket and knee-high boots on the guy on the right. Wouldn't you like to see him do an animated walk?

Boy, Gillray caught that gloomy look that some Englishmen have. The pants of that day framed the crotch like a puppet theater and he caught that, too. But what's with the dainty little shoes?

Here he depicts a wealthy mother (above) who takes two minutes out of her busy schedule to breast feed her child.

Unbelievable (above)! This guy is SO funny!

Poor Gillray. for years he lived happily and prosperously with the woman who published his pictures... then his eyesight began to fail. When he found he couldn't work any more he made a botched suicide attempt which left him with injuries which may have driven him insane.